Experts think depression is caused by biological and environmental factors. Kids with a family history of depression, substance abuse or stress are at a higher risk. Dr. Emslie recommends the following to help lessen this risk:
		Always communicate honestly.
		Don’t overprotect your child.
		Be predictable and consistent.
		Take a balanced approach to discipline.
		Balance negative with positive feedback on good behavior.

“Depression is tragic for anyone, but it is especially devastating in children,” says Graham Emslie, a psychiatrist on staff at Children’s Medical Center of Dallas. But don’t worry: Help is available, and depression can be beaten, even prevented.

Depression is more than just feeling sad, says Dr. Emslie. In depression, sadness lasts too long, the feelings are too intense, and they interfere with the child’s life.

Depression in the young can be difficult to diagnose, hidden by attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, behavioral and emotional problems, substance abuse or learning disabilities. But the National Institute of Mental Health says that 7 to 14 percent of kids experience major depression before age 15. And, Dr. Emslie adds, adolescent suicide remains a significant mental health problem and is associated with untreated depression.

“Depression has for too long been under-diagnosed,” Dr. Emslie says. If parents suspect a child has clinical depression, he adds, they should take notes on the behavior and seek help from mental health professionals or organizations.

Depression warning signs often include:
	Persistent sadness
	Inability to enjoy favorite activities
	Increased activity or irritability
	Frequent complaints of physical illnesses, such as headaches or stomachaches
	Frequent absences or poor performance in school
	Persistent boredom, low energy or poor concentration
	Major change in eating or sleeping patterns

Recent studies show positive results from treating children with antidepressant drugs and certain psychotherapies. If your child exhibits symptoms of depression, contact your child’s physician for referral to a mental health expert.