One way to reduce the use of antibiotics is to prevent transmission of bacterial infections. Wash fruits and vegetables before eating; scrub to remove any visible dirt. Don’t prepare raw meat near uncooked food. Use separate preparation areas. Clean countertops and utensils thoroughly with hot water and soap after preparing meat and poultry. Make sure to cook meats for the appropriate length of time. Remember the basics: Cover your face when you cough or sneeze, and promptly throw away used facial tissues. Don’t share eating utensils with others. Wash hands often — at minimum, after using the bathroom and before eating. Carry antibiotic hand gel for use when handwashing is not convenient. When traveling, drink bottled water if you have any concerns about the local water supply. It also could help to get the hepatitis A vaccine before traveling to countries where the disease is endemic, usually due to unsafe drinking water. Take diarrhea seriously. “It’s a good idea at these times to limit your contact with childcare centers or with others who are at risk for complications when they become infected,” says Dr. Jane Siegel, an infectious disease specialist on the medical staff at Children’s Medical Center Dallas.