Studies have shown that 80 percent of lifetime sun exposure occurs before 18 years of age. “This makes early sun protection crucial,” she says, adding that forming a sun protection habit early in life is similar to seat belt use: It is protective during childhood, but it also increases the likelihood that children will continue to practice those good habits later in life.

Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in the United States, according to the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD). Sun exposure (especially sunburn in childhood and adolescence) greatly increases the risk of developing skin cancer. To achieve effective sun protection, Dr. Carder recommends families:

• Use sunscreen with an SPF of at least 15 to 30.
• Apply sunscreen 30 minutes before going outdoors.
• Reapply sunscreen every one to two hours when outdoors, especially after swimming, perspiring or towel-drying.
• Avoid midday (10 a.m. to 3 p.m.) sun, whenever possible.
• Seek shade.
• Wear wide-brimmed hats, sunglasses and long-sleeved shirts.
• Keep infants out of direct sunlight.
• Use these sun protective measures even on cloudy days and in the non-summer (fall, winter) months.

Dr. Carder warns that sunscreens should not be used to increase the amount of time spent outdoors in midday sun. “Care should be taken to apply a liberal amount of sunscreen and to thoroughly cover all exposed areas of skin.” She says some common mistakes include not applying an adequate amount of sunscreen and neglecting the following areas:

• Ears
• Neck
• Tops of the feet
• Exposed scalp

While there is no quick cure for minor sunburn, the AAD suggests moist compresses, tub baths and soothing lotions to provide some relief.

If shade is unavailable to protect an infant, Dr. Carder recommends using an umbrella, or placing a blanket or towel over the carrier to provide protection from the sun. Other steps to take include dressing infants in protective clothing and hats, and using protective shields on car windows.