The earlier you teach children such sound habits, the more likely they are to maintain a healthy weight. But helping a child learn the right skills takes patience and repetition. “Parents need to be vigilant,” says Shield, coauthor of The American Dietetic Association Guide to Healthy Eating for Kids.

Well-meaning parents often fear their children are eating too little rather than too much. Overfeeding starts as early as the toddler years. For toddlers, serve a tablespoon of vegetables per meal for each year of age. That may help head off future struggles over getting your child to eat vegetables, says Megan Hall, a registered and licensed dietitian and a certified nutrition support dietitian at Children’s Medical Center Dallas.

Snacks should be healthy, just like meals. Make produce a key element. Vary the selection of fruits and vegetables to introduce children to new foods. Between ages 2 and 6, children fear new foods, and it may take several tries. But if you don’t make the effort, Shield warns, your kids may never develop a taste for healthful foods.

1. Add volume to high-fat foods so kids feel satisfied without getting too many calories. For example, top a frozen pizza with mushrooms or broccoli.
2. Have a plan for eating out. Choose fast-food restaurants that offer salads, and go for low-fat dressing.
3. Let children choose lunch foods to take to school. Tangerines, raisins or granola mix are healthy, enjoyable examples.
4. Don’t let children leave home without breakfast. At least serve a piece of fruit, fat-free milk and a whole-grain cereal.
5. Take children grocery shopping and let them choose a new fruit or vegetable.
6. Stock the refrigerator with fruits and vegetables, such as berries and low-fat fruit yogurt for making smoothies.
7. Play with food. Vegetable “faces” made from carrots may get a child’s attention.
8. Don’t ban popular snacks like chips; kids may sneak them. Just buy small amounts.
9. Urge kids to trade soft drinks for water.